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2031 in their civic system? Unless that can be done, we are without reason for this unnecessary act. Mr. TILLMAN. Mr. President, will the Senator from Alabama allow me? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Alabama yield to the Senator from South Carolina? Mr. MORGAN. I do. Mr. TILLMAN. Is there any analogy between the government of the Creeks or the civilized Indiana in the Indian Territory and the Hawaiian government? Mr. MORGAN. The analogy is this, Mr. President: They both have written constitutions; they both have officers appointed under their own authority; they both have a judicial as well as a legislative system with a supreme court; they both have the opinions of the supreme court published in authentic form; they both have their legislative proceedings published in like manner, and conduct absolutely and without question all of the powers and functions of civil government, republican in form. I think that is analogy enough. Mr. TILLMAN. Will the Senator allow me another question? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Alabama yield to the Senator from South Carolina? Mr. MORGAN. I do. Mr. TILLMAN. All of this work in the Indian Territory, I presume, is under Indians and half-breeds, whereas in the Hawaiian Islands all of it is the work of Americans, Englishmen, and Germans who have gone into those islands, have acquired property rights, have seized the government and now control it, have formed a government which the Senator finds so admirable, and have formulated laws which are so wise. If there is any analogy whatever between a little band of four or five or seven thousand Anglo-Saxons in the Hawaiian Islands and two or three hundred thousand Choctaws, Cherokees, and Creeks. I can not see it. Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, if the Senator from South Carolina could disabuse his mind of the prejudices which evidently revel in it, he would be able to see this subject in a somewhat proper light. The idea of saying that the people in Hawaii have taken things into their own hands and have ruled the native people, without any restriction to their right is entirely a mistake. Mr. TILLMAN. Will the Senator allow me to ask another question? Mr. MORGAN. Yes. Mr. TILLMAN. How many legal voters are there now under the so-called Hawaiian republic? Mr. MORGAN. The Senator from Illinois [Mr. CULLOM] to-day stated there were-- Mr. TILLMAN. Oh, but the Senator from Illinois said that would be the number when those who are eligible under this bill which it is proposed to enact into a law takes effect; but I mean the voters to-day, those who are the component parts of the Hawaiian government which now exists and which he would perpetuate? Mr. MORGAN. I do not know the number, Mr. President; I do not think think the number has been given. Mr. TILLMAN. 1 have seen it stated at less than 4,000. Mr. MORGAN. Voters? Mr. TILLMAN. Yes. Mr. MORGAN. Probably so. Mr. TILLMAN. I will ask the Senator from Illinois, with the permission of the Senator from Alabama, how many votes there are? Mr. CULLOM. If the Senator will allow me to refer to the same paper as to whose authenticity he was anxious, I will read the number. In 1890 the total number of registered voters was 13,593; total vote cast, 11,671; voters for nobles, upper house, number about 3,800; votes cast, 3,187. That is all the information I have about the matter. Mr. TILLMAN. Mr. President-- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Alabama yield to the Senator from South Carolina? Mr. MORGAN. I do. Mr. TILLMAN. I am trying to get the two members of the commission who have investigated the subject by a personal visit to Hawaii to tell us the number of voters who are now eligible to vote under the existing conditions. There is a clause in this bill which requires any man who wishes to register under the provisions of the bill to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. Mr. MORGAN. No; there is not. Mr. TILLMAN. I will read it to the Senator. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Alabama yield to the Senator from South Carolina? Mr. MORGAN. I do. Mr. TILLMAN. Here is the provision: SEC. 18. That no person shall be entitled to vote at any general election in the Territory of Hawaii prior to 1903 who, having been entitled to qualify and vote under the constitution and laws of Hawaii prior to October. 1897, and since July, 1894, failed to register as such voter, unless he shall take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States. Mr. MORGAN. That shows how inaccurately the Senator will read things. Mr. TILLMAN. I have read everything that is here. Mr. MORGAN. No oath is required of any voter in Hawaii, except of those voters who, having heretofore had the privilege of registration, refused to register in order to break down the government and in order to refuse their allegiance to the republic. We say now when those men come in they must take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States-only that class. Mr. TILLMAN. Well, Mr. President, that brings me back to the original proposition as to how many did take the oath of allegiance to the republic and how many constitute "the perfect government" which it is said there exists, and I will show-and I will find it somewhere in some of these documents-that it is less than 4,000, anyhow. Mr. BEVERIDGE. Does the Senator mean as to the upper house? Mr. TILLMAN. No; as to the lower house. Mr. MORGAN. The Hawaiian Commission could not take a census of those people, and we did not undertake to do it. We relied upon the census taken by the authorities of the government being created, so far as we obtained it, for a guide to our legislative action. Mr. WOLCOTT. Will it interrupt the Senator from Alabama if I call the attention of the Senator from South Carolina to a suggestion? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Alabama yield to the Senator from Colorado? Mr. MORGAN. Yes. Mr. WOLCOTT. I understand the Senator from South Carolina to criticise the bill and the measures proposed because the total vote is so infinitesimally small in proportion to the population. Mr. TILLMAN. If the Senator will permit me to correct his impression, I did nothing of the kind. I was merely trying to get the Senator from Alabama to tell us what is the difference between the republican form of government which exists in the Creek Nation, which lie has used by way of comparison, with that of the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. President, being on my feet, I should like to call the attention of the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. TILLMAN] to the fact that at the last election in South Carolina the Representative of the First Congressional district was elected by a total vote of 3,200 out of a population of 173,000; that in the Second district, where there is a population of 146,000, the total vote was a little over 4,000; that in the Third district, where there is a population of 152,000, the total vote was about 4,000; that in the Fourth district, where there is a population of 200,000, the total vote was 4,500; that in the Fifth district, where there is a population of 142,000, one man was elected without opposition, and he only got 4,230 votes; that in the Sixth district, with a population of 158,000, less than 1,800 votes were cast, and that in the Seventh district, with a population of 178,000, the total vote was about 4,500. Mr. TILLMAN. Will the Senator from Alabama allow mo to pay my compliments to my friend from Colorado? [ Laughter. ] The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Alabama yield to the Senator from South Carolina? Mr. MORGAN. I think I had better turn these gentlemen off from their combat until after I get through. Mr. TILLMAN. But the Senator surely would not allow that proposition to go without being answered on the spot? Mr. MORGAN. I do not think it will hurt the Senator to lot it wait an hour or so. Mr. TILLMAN. But when the Senator gets into one of his interesting discussions on these questions-- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alabama declines to yield. Mr. TILLMAN. Of course I will have to yield under such a process of gag law as that. Mr. MORGAN. There is no discourtesy intended to the Senator, Mr. President, and no sort of unfairness. I should like to see the two Senators have their fight out about this proposition. Mr. WOLCOTT. I beg the Senator's pardon for having interrupted, him. Mr. MORGAN. I have yielded to the Senator from South Carolina a good deal, and have been trying to do it in a cheerful and good spirit. I proceed now, Mr. President, to say that the analogy between the government of the Indian tribes that I have already spoken of and the government of Hawaii was, of course, in regard to the form of government, the plan of it, and the liberties that were involved in it. It did not have any reference to the people or their conduct. But it is quite a mistake, altogether a mistake, to sup-pose that the Hawaiian people have not been fully consulted by the white people, as they are called in Hawaii, many of whom are natives of the islands, and a large number of whom have some