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prevent the saloon, the gathering place and loafing resort where, In 
our new dependencies already great reproach upon the American 
people has been incurred, and I think it would be wise to have this 
prohibition in the act of Congress, and not leave it to the local 
legislature to become an issue in local politics. Mr. KNOX.   Mr. 
Chairman, I have but a word to say upon this amendment.   I 
heartily agree with the purpose of the gentleman as to saloons 
wherever it may properly be carried out.   I simply call the 
attention of the committee to chapter 1, Title XXIII, on the general 
subject relating to Territories-
The legislative power of every Territory shall extend to all rightful subjects of 
legislation not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United 
States.
For more than fifty years the legislatures of our Territories that we 
have organized have had the power to deal with questions of 
municipal and local interests in their legislatures. Now we have 
created, and we do create by this bill, a legislature of Hawaii, with a 
senate and house of representatives, with a veto power conferred on 
the governor; and I think that the only safe way for Congress is to 
abide by the uniform practice of the past, and keep the matter of the 
regulation of the sale and manufacture of intoxicating liquors in 
Hawaii in the local legislature. I only desire, further, to call 
attention of the committee to the reasons why Congress has 
refrained from assuming the burden of liquor legislation for 
Territories.   We, all of us that have license laws and prohibitory 
laws in the large cities, know of the vast amount of legislation 
required.   If Congress once put down the bars and entered upon the 
broad field of legislating in reference to the manufacture and sale of 
intoxicating liquors, there would be no session of Congress long 
enough to dispose of such legislation. Mr. FITZGERALD of 
Massachusetts.   Mr. Chairman, I certainly hope the amendment 
offered by my colleague from Massachusetts will not prevail.   It 
seems to me that the regulation of the liquor traffic is a matter for 
the Hawaiian legislature to act upon.   The control of all liquor 
legislation in the past in the matter of enacting laws for the 
government of new Territories has been left to the Territories 
themselves; and in dealing with our new possessions which are to 
'be admitted as Territories I think we ought to give them as much 
latitude as we can.   We are pledged to do this, and we should carry 
out our promises. It is impossible for Congress, sitting thousands of 
miles away from these islands, to settle the matter properly, because 
the different conditions as they arise can not be met. It seems to me 
this is an exercise of the police power and we should go very slow.   
I am not a drinking man myself, and my views on this question are 
certainly not prejudiced in favor of the liquor interests.   I believe in 
adopting the wisest course of action, and if this amendment should 
be added I do not think the law will ever be enforced. The sentiment 
of the people of this country is not for prohibition, and, in my 
judgment, never will be. Where the prohibitory law exists its 
enforcement is a farce. Drinking places in the State of Maine, 
which has a prohibitory law, are as common in some of the large 
cities as in the cities of Massachusetts, where the local-option system 
is in operation.   Do not let us be hypocrites on this question. If my 
colleague thinks it is wise to prohibit the sale of liquor, let us start 
right here in the city of Washington.   We act as the city council of 
this city, and we have the power to put prohibition into force; and if 
there are men in this House who feel that prohibition is wise 
legislation and that the liquor traffic can be suppressed, let us 
commence right here in this city. Yes, let us commence right here in 
the Capitol, where liquor is sold in both the Senate and House 
restaurants.   I think we ought to be consistent, and I certainly am in 
favor of the position taken by Mr. KNOX, of Massachusetts, the 
chairman of the Committee on Hawaiian Affairs, who says this 
matter ought to be left to the local Hawaiian government. Let us 
enact laws that will harmonize with the views as well as the lest 
government of our new possessions, and not introduce American 
government by inserting provisions that to me seem certainly 
unwise and bound to cause irritation if put into force. Mr. 
LITTLEFIELD rose.   Mr. KNOX.   Debate on the amendment is 
exhausted. The CHAIRMAN.   The gentleman from Massachusetts 
makes the point of order that debate on this amendment is exhausted. 
Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   I rose just to say a few words on the 
amendment.   If the chairman sees fit to make the point of order, he 
can do it, and that will be all right. The CHAIRMAN.   The 
gentleman from Maine asks unanimous consent to address the 
committee for five minutes.   Is there objection?   [After a pause.]   
The Chair hears none. Mr.  LITTLEFIELD. I will not waste any 
time in talking about the prohibition law of the State of Maine to-
day.   I will say that the gentleman can not put his finger on a spot 
or place in the State of Maine where liquor is sold openly.   Now, I 
make that statement, and I am from that State.   What I mean and

what I wish to say in talking about the enforcement of the pro-
hibitory law in Maine is that the people in Maine, four to one, are 
satisfied with, the prohibitory law in Maine and believe in it. There 
is not, an open saloon - a place where your attention would be directed 
to its sale if you were not looking for it - in the State of Maine 
anywhere.   Now, I come from that State, and I know what I am 
talking about. Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts.    Will the 
gentleman allow a question? Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   Name a place 
where there is an open saloon in the State of Maine. Mr. 
FITZGERALD of Massachusetts.   I think the gentleman will agree 
with me -- Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   Name a place.   I will not agree 
with yon. Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts.   I challenge the 
gentleman to deny the fact that liquor can be obtained at almost 
any hotel in the city of Portland. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   I say there is 
no open bar. Mr.  FITZGERALD of  Massachusetts.    The bars are 
open enough in the hotels if my friend will investigate the matter. 
Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   Now, you can not bother me with that. I have 
heard that kind of conversation before.   There is no use talking 
about it, and I say I challenge any man in this House or anywhere 
else to dispute the proposition that there is not a place in the State of 
Maine where liquor is sold openly.   I make that statement. Mr. 
FITZGERALD of Massachusetts.   I wish to say, and state it 
emphatically, that I deny that proposition.   It is sold in the 
apothecary stores and the hotels in Portland and every other large city 
in Maine.   I have seen it sold repeatedly myself.   It is a fact that 
liquor can be obtained in these places, and I challenge the 
gentleman to deny it. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   Name the place. Mr. 
FITZGERALD of Massachusetts.   I say in every hotel, and I will 
name the Falmouth Hotel in Portland as one inasmuch as the 
gentleman from Maine insists upon a specific answer. Mr. 
LITTLEFIELD.   I say that there is no open saloon in the State of 
Maine. Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts.   I said nothing about 
an open saloon .  I say that liquor is sold there regardless of the law. Mr. 
LITTLEFIELD.   I have not said that it was not sold. [Laughter.]   
Pay attention to what I say.   I say that there is not an open saloon in 
the State of Maine where liquor is sold. Mr. FITZGERALD of 
Massachusetts.   That only shows the hypocrisy down there.   It is 
sold behind the door. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   This amendment is 
directed upon the saloon in Hawaii.   I want to ask the chairman of 
the committee if it is not true that sixteen countries have, by treaty 
convention, agreed to prohibit the sale of distilled liquors to the 
native tribes of Africa, and if it is not true that the Hawaiians in 
Hawaii are of substantially the same character as the native tribes of 
Africa? [Cries of  "Oh, no, no!"] I understood that they were.   They are 
all one tribe? Mr. KNOX.   No; there is no tribe there at all. Mr. 
LITTLEFIELD.   Is there any great difference in character between 
the people in Hawaii and the tropical people in Africa? Mr. 
HAMILTON.   A vast difference. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   But every 
proclamation in Hawaii has to be published in five different 
languages.   That is the kind of people you are legislating for.   I say 
it is the policy of the civilized countries to prohibit the sale of 
intoxicating liquors, and sixteen of the great nations have agreed to 
that position in connection with the people of South Africa, and the 
United States is one of them. Mr. KNOX.   The gentleman does not 
wish to misstate anything. All proclamations and legal papers of every 
kind are to be made in the English language. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   
They are by this bill, but they are now published in five languages.   
I have that from the attorney-general of Hawaii.   I say it is the 
policy of the civilized world to prohibit the sale of distilled liquors 
at least to the native tribes in Africa. The CHAIRMAN.   The time of 
the gentleman from Maine has expired. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   I ask 
unanimous consent that I may have three minutes to conclude my 
remarks. The CHAIRMAN.   The gentleman from Maine asks that 
his time be extended three minutes.   Is there objection?   [After a 
pause.]   The Chair hears none. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   Now, I submit 
that this amendment is in line with that policy.   I want to call 
attention just for a minute to the effect of this bill. A MEMBER.  Alaska 
had a prohibitory law. Mr. LITTLEFIELD.   Yes; Alaska had a 
prohibitory law until it was repealed by the House a year ago.   
This bill creates for Hawaii three kinds of people who are citizens.   
Thirty-nine thousand native Hawaiians, about 17,000 Portuguese, and 
about 8,000

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