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3855 plausibility. He comes here in the pay of private interests to obtain special rights and privileges, always under pretense of the public good, but always at the expense of the general community; otherwise he would not be here. We want some one here who represents all the people of the Territory. [Applause. ] We want some one here who has a representative character determined by the people themselves, who choose and send him, and to whom he must answer. The gentleman who has just spoken [Mr. HILL] feared that we would have a disreputable or incompetent representative of an inferior class - the Kanakas. Why, sir, we had here constantly for many years a representative of the Kanaka kings and queens of the purely Kanaka government. Every old member here will recall with esteem the character of the ministers from Hawaii. Mr. Allen, who for many years sat on this floor representing with distinction a district of the State of Maine, went to those islands and afterwards came back here as minister, representing the Kanaka people and his royal master, a Kanaka. He was diligent, honest, zealous, a fit representative of the population of the Hawaiian Islands. He was followed by Mr. Carter, whom many of us knew well, a distinguished, a most honorable and excellent man; then Mr. Mott Smith. All these had the privilege of this floor. Then there was Mr. Thurston more recently, whom a great many of yon knew personally; and Mr. Hatch, one of the ablest members of the bar, who was recognized here for his integrity and ability; and Mr. Hastings, whose sudden and tragic death at the White House many of us remember - these delegates were often on this floor, but without the right of speech. They were chosen, some of them by the government under white domination, some of them by the Kanaka native government; but all were fit men. There was also a Hawaiian lobby here from time to time, but always for special selfish objects. Every member knows by experience what a lobby is, and what the aim of a lobby agent is. Whether he is a distinguished gentleman, an ex-governor, an ex-judge, or a poor hireling picked up here in Washington, he is essentially a lobby agent, paid to look after a special interest. And representing this House on the commission, I believed we ought to have here upon this floor a man whom we could question, from whom we could derive direct information, who would have a representative character, a Delegate who would be responsible to the House and to a constituency. [Applause.] Mr. BREWER. May I interrupt the gentleman? Mr. HITT. I will only take one moment as to the other subject which the gentleman raised. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Illinois has expired. Mr. KNOX. I move that the time of the gentleman from Illinois be extended. Mr. HILL. I ask that the time of the gentleman from Illinois he extended to allow him to complete his remarks. The CHAIRMAN. The request is made by several gentlemen that the time of the gentleman from Illinois be extended to conclude his remarks. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. HILL. Now, may I ask the gentleman a question? Mr. HITT. Certainly. Mr. HILL. Every person whose name the gentleman has mentioned was appointed, not elected - every representative of that country. Now, I want to ask the gentleman if he does not believe that a commissioner appointed by Hawaii to the United States, to represent their business interests, appointed by the governor of Hawaii, who is himself appointed by the President of the United States, would be more likely, under that system of appointment, and that that would be a better guaranty of getting a good representative than you could have by a general vote of the people of the Hawaiian Islands? Mr. HITT. The difference would simply be that in the one case we would have the Delegate here in our presence whom we could interrogate, and in the other a commissioner going about the Departments, corridors, and committee rooms, with no voice on this floor, reduced to the likeness of an official lobbyist. Mr. HILL. I should like to ask just one more question, and then I will not trouble the gentleman any further. He has had a very large experience in diplomatic affairs. He is familiar with all the insular systems of the world. Does he know of a single insular government in the world, either in the system of Great Britain, France, Germany, or any other European power, that has a representative in the parliament of any of those countries? Mr. HITT. The answer to that is ours is essentially a popular, republican, representative government, and a republic does not need always to take lessons from monarchies in the application of our own system, [Applause.] Mr. BREWER. I want to ask the gentleman if he is willing that the people of Puerto Rico shall hare a Delegate here in this House? Mr. HITT. I will answer questions about Puerto Rico or Kamchatka and any other country when they are before the House. [Applause.] I do not want to be diverted to politics. The gentleman's question is political. I am talking now about the business that is immediately before the House. I sympathize with much that the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. HILL] has said in apprehension of doing something to-day that would involve statehood hereafter for Hawaii. The gentleman referred to what I said on this floor years ago about Hawaiian statehood - that I was averse to the prospect and thought well of the proposition to make it a county of California. I am sorry to add to what I said then that upon inquiry I found in California that there would be unanimous opposition in that State to the incorporation of Hawaii, with its population of an Asiatic character; and in the Hawaiian Islands there was not a soul who ever expressed approval to me of the suggestion made here of its becoming a county of California. Mr. HILL. May I ask the gentleman - do I understand that he wishes a population which the State of California was unwilling to accept as a county to have from us representation as a full-fledged Territory in our Congress? Mr. HITT. Well, that is argumentative. I merely stated what the, sentiment was in California. We know the Chinaphobia that prevails in California, and it determined this question among Californians apparently at once. Gentlemen on the floor who represent California can contradict or confirm me. Now, nothing that we might say to-day against Hawaiian statehood, no resolution or enactment or eloquent speech, can prevent this very Congress to-morrow or another Congress two years hence or a hundred years hence from undoing anything and everything that we now do. We can not prevent another Congress from doing foolish or wise things. They can admit it as a State if they will. We can, after passing this bill to-day and in it passing the gentleman's proposition pledging impliedly that there shall be no statehood for Hawaii, to-morrow pass an enabling act. We can not bind our successors. We have no such faculty, no such approach to omnipotence, no command of the future. We legislate for to-day. I would gladly do anything I could to carry out the view expressed by the gentleman from Connecticut as to that part of his proposition, for I think it is at least harmless; but as to the Delegate, we want him right here on this floor. [Applause.] Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. HILL] thinks that he can call from me, by his references this morning, words or tone apologetic in their character, the gentleman from Connecticut is mistaken. The laws of the United States provide that every organised Territory of the United States shall have a Delegate upon this floor. Mr. HILL. I wish the gentleman would show that to me in the Constitution. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I believe the gentleman has complied with the Mississippi and Connecticut requisition for voting, and he can read for himself. [Laughter.] Mr. HILL. That provision is not in the Constitution. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. There is no doubt about the fact that every Territory organized as a Territory of the United States is entitled to a Delegate upon this floor, and that that Delegate is, under the laws of the United States - I will amend my statement that far, if I said Constitution, I meant laws - entitled to the same salary and the same mileage as a member of Congress and entitled to every privilege of a member of Congress, except that of voting, on this floor. Now, Mr. Chairman, I stood here in my place and made the first Democratic speech in either House in opposition to the ad- mission of Hawaii as a part of the United States, and I stated at that time the grounds of my opposition. I said, when discussing the admission of that country, that we must do one of two things: We must either permit it to take its part and parcel with us as an equal Territory of the United States, with the constitutional privilege of becoming, when Congress saw fit, a State of the United States, or else we must leave it outside of the United States. I then stated upon this floor that when we were called upon to face Hawaiian problems, we should be called upon to face a colored race problem in Hawaii, and that when we were called upon to face it, we were going out of our way several thousand miles to hunt a new problem to add to other problems of that character that we already had and that were already too much for our management. Does the gentleman imagine that we of the South take any pride in the fact that we have been compelled to restrict suffrage in order to preserve civilization? Mr. HILL. I do not. I am amazed at the fact, however, that you will vote, in insular possessions of the United States, to do the same thing over again. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, the same necessity exists. I stated in the Hawaiian debate that whenever I was faced with that problem that, if I were the only Democrat in the United States to do so, I would stand for white supremacy