University of Hawaii at Manoa Libraries, Asia Collection

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The villages were little more than heaps of ruins : these holes in the ground are occupied by formerly well-to-do opium smokers
  
     
  Title: The villages were little more than heaps of ruins : these holes in the ground are occupied by formerly well-to-do opium smokers  
  Type: Photograph  
  Creator: Unknown  
  Year of Photograph: 1885  
  Location: China  
  Category: Social Effects  
  Ethnic Group: Chinese  
  Other Keywords: ruined homes  
  Title of Book: Drugging a nation : the story of China and the opium curse  
  Author: Merwin, Samuel  
  Publication Details: New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1908 ( p.54 )