HAWAIIAN   ISLANDS.	407
ment by substituting the flag and power of the United States, it is 
disavowed.
Instructions will be sent to naval commanders confirming and renew- 
ing those heretofore given them, under which they are authorized and 
directed to cooperate with you in case of need. Your own instructions 
are likewise renewed, and yon are accordingly authorized to arrange 
with the commanding officer for the continued presence on shore of 
such marine force as may be practicable and requisite for the security 
of the lives and property interests of American citizens and the repres- 
sion, of lawlessness threatening them, whenever in your judgment it 
shall be necessary so to do, or when such cooperation may be sought 
for good cause by the Government of the Hawaiian Islands; being, 
however, always careful to distinguish between these functions of vol- 
untary or accorded protection and the assumption of a protectorate 
over the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, which the United States 
have recognized as sovereign and with which they treat on terms of 
sovereign equality.
JOHN W. FOSTER.
Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens,
[Telegram.]
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, February 15, 1893.
A treaty of annexation has been signed and will be sent to the Sen- 
ate without delay,
JOHN W. FOSTER.
Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens.
No. 72.]	DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, February 1G, 1893.
SIR: I append copies of my telegrams to you of the 15th instant in 
relation to your recent bereavement, and to the treaty annexing the 
Hawaiian Islands to the United States. 
I am, etc.,
JOHN W. FOSTER.
Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens.
No. 73.]	DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, February 16, 1893.
SIR: I append on the overleaf a copy of a telegram* sent to you on 
the 14th instant, relative to the Hawaiian revolution. 
I am., etc.,
JOHN W. FOSTER.
*See under date of February 14, 1893.

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