HAWAIIAN   ISLANDS.	415
hearing at Washington. He and his brother were born here of Scotch 
parentage, and E. C. lived several years in California. But American 
interests here have no more unrelenting foe than this liquor-importing 
house of G. W. Macfarlane & Co.
E. C. Macfarlane is a fitting confederate in Washington, as he has 
been in Honolulu, with Paul Neuman, the deposed Queen's attorney, 
whose character is described in my dispatch 81 of January 26. 
I am, sir, etc., 
JOHN L. STEVENS.
Mr. Gresham to Mr. Stevens.
No. 70.]	DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, March 10, 1893.
SIR: I append a copy of a telegram* received on 8th instant, over 
your signature. 
I am, etc.,
W. Q. GRESHAM.
Mr. Stevens to Mr. Gresham,
No. 92.]         	UNITED STATES LEGATION,
Honolulu, March 15, 1893.
SIR: That the Department of State may fully understand the pres- 
ent status of affairs here, it is necessary for me to state as accurately 
as possible the practical working of the qualified and restricted protec- 
torate which the United States officials are exercising here. We have 
never understood this practically to allow us to go much, if any, beyond 
the spirit and terms of Secretary Bayard's dispatch to Minister Merrill 
of July 12, 1887, in printed volume of Foreign Relations of that year, 
page 581, and both the Provisional Government and myself have ever 
construed it as strictly within the limitations specified in Secretary 
Foster's dispatch 71 of February 11, 1893, fully understanding that the 
United States representatives here shall not interfere with the sover- 
eignty nor with the administration of the public affairs of these islands. 
This restricted protectorate has proved more necessary and beneficial 
than was fully perceived when assumed.
When the Hawaiian monarchy collapsed and the Provisional Govern- 
ment was instituted, there were corruptions and abuses wherever the 
palace power had exercised predominating influence in the selection of 
officials. Time was necessary for the eradication of these evils, for the 
creation of a reliable police, and for the organization and drilling of a 
small military force. Besides the English minister, for reasons indi- 
cated in previous dispatches, was bitterly dissatisfied that I had acted 
independently of him, landing the men of the Boston when they were 
imperatively needed, while there was then no British vessel here. 
According to what was anticipated might occur, not long after our 
restricted protectorate was assumed the British war ship Garnet arrived. 
It was then too late for the English minister to make effective any 
demand to land troops or to insist on dual action with the United States 
minister. Still more, the Japanese commissioner arriving here but a 
short time before the fall of the monarchy, and not fully understanding 
the situation, began to manifest a wish to land men from the Japanese
* See under date of March 8, 1893.

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